Technology adoption as process: A case of integrating an information-intensive website into a patient education helpline

This study followed the introduction of the Arthritis Source website into the existing teaching practices of Arthritis Foundation Helpline volunteers. The goal was to examine what factors may affect a particular group of educators adopt a potentially valuable Internet tool into an existing instructional environment. Defining the possible uses of the website in reference to the volunteers' actual job duties helped provide a clearer understanding of how the volunteers might use this new technology. The researchers used qualitative techniques to focus on three volunteers who experienced different physical, environmental and cognitive means that impacted their use of the new tool. Each volunteer experienced varying levels of motivation in areas of learning, satisfaction and responses to outside influences. Each volunteer also had varying amounts of opportunity prompts in which to interact or refer the website. Consequently, Helpline volunteers experienced different rates of adopting the information-intensive website into their traditional work system.     

Assessment of duration and frequency of work tasks by telephone interview: reproducibility and validity

Quantitative estimation of physical work load requires breakdown of jobs into smaller entities. The objective was to study the inter-rater reproducibility of the contents, frequency and duration of work tasks assessed by telephone interview. Two researchers interviewed 18 industrial workers with an interval of from 2 to 3 weeks in a balanced and blinded design. Altogether 114 tasks were identified, 68 of which were recorded by both interviewers. The tasks were classified into regularly occurring (n=34) and occasional (n= 80). The outcome was the total duration of the tasks per day computed from the data on frequency and duration. Validity of the interview was studied against prestructured diaries filled in by nine workers. The interviewers' assessments of the overall contents of the tasks were rated as ‘similar’ or ‘very similar’ for 17 of the 18 workers. Both interviewers detected all 34 regularly occurring tasks. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the total duration between the interviewers was 0.81 for regularly occurring tasks. ICCs of the total duration between the diary and the two interviewers were 0.90 and 0.91. However, in many cases the workers could not give a numerical value for duration or frequency. A telephone interview can be used as a first step in exposure assessment in epidemiological studies on risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. These results show that a single telephone interview can give reproducible and valid information of the frequency and duration of tasks occurring daily. For occasional tasks interview methods should be developed further.     

Motorcyclists’ speed and “looked-but-failed-to-see” accidents

Previous research on motorcycle crashes has shown the frequency and severity of accidents in which a non-priority road user failed to give way to an approaching motorcyclist without seeing him/her, even though the road user had looked in the approaching motorcycle's direction and the motorcycle was visible. These accidents are usually called “looked-but-failed-to-see” (LBFS) accidents. This article deals with the effects that the motorcyclist's speed has in these accidents. It is based on the in-depth study and precise kinematic reconstruction of 44 accident cases involving a motorcyclist and another road user, all occurring in intersections. The results show that, in urban environments, the initial speeds of motorcyclists involved in “looked-but-failed-to-see” accidents are significantly higher than in other accidents at intersections. In rural environments, the difference in speed between LBFS accidents and other accidents is not significant, but further investigations would be necessary to draw any conclusions. These results suggest that speed management, through road design or by other means, could contribute to preventing “looked-but-failed-to-see” motorcycle accidents, at least in urban environments.     

Review of Clinical applications of the Adult Attachment Interview.

Reviews the book, Clinical applications of the Adult Attachment Interview edited by Howard Steele and Miriam Steele (see record 2008-04549-000). Although the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), created by Mary Main and her colleagues, is among the most important research instruments in developmental and clinical psychology, the details of its administration and scoring are known only to certified coders and examples of its clinical utility are, for the everyday clinician, difficult to find. This edited volume draws the curtain far enough to reveal the major inner-workings of the interview and throws light on the penetrating ways it can inform any psychotherapy. The editors, Howard and Miriam Steele, themselves clinically minded attachment researchers and well versed in the AAI and its sister interviews, have done a remarkable job of recruiting clinicians and clinician-researchers who more than make good on the promise of the volume’s title. This volume is best suited to those already acquainted with attachment theory and the major findings of attachment research. It will help clinical graduate students tune their ears to attachment-informed ways of listening and thinking, help established clinicians attend to the nuances of linguistic structure to inform clinical understanding and intervention, and inspire researchers new to interview-based methods of investigation. Readers will not find, and the editors did not intend to include, debates on the merits of the interview’s complexity or a discussion of the much needed rapprochement between researchers who favor the AAI and researchers who rely on paper-and-pencil inventories of attachment security. The Steeles fill an critical gap in the clinical literature on attachment; outside of single chapters that give high quality but necessarily brief overviews of the AAI (e.g., Hesse, 2008; Levy & Kelly, 2009), I am not aware of another book that offers as unobstructed a view of how the AAI is conducted and coded or of the many ways the interview can be used as a clinical tool. Outside the expensive, labor-intensive AAI trainings given around the world, this volume may be as close as many of us will get to the means to appreciate, learn, and use the AAI in practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessing readiness for change in the eating disorders: The psychometric properties of the readiness and motivation interview.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Readiness and Motivation Interview (RMI), a symptom-specific measure of readiness and motivation for change in the eating disorders. For 4 symptom domains, the RMI assesses the extent to which individuals are in precontemplation, contemplation, and action/maintenance, and the extent to which change is made for internal versus external reasons. Ninety-nine individuals with eating disorders completed the RMI and measures to assess convergent, divergent, and criterion validity. RMI profiles revealed differences in readiness and motivation across symptom domains. The RMI demonstrated good reliability and construct validity, and RMI scores predicted anticipated difficulty of recovery activities, completion of recovery activities, decision to enroll in an intensive symptom-reduction program, and treatment dropout. The RMI may have important clinical applications by providing much-needed information on client readiness for action-oriented treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adult attachment security and young adults’ dating relationships over time: Self-reported, observational, and physiological evidence.

This study examined the developmental significance of adult attachment security—as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview—for romantic relationship functioning concurrently and approximately 1 year later in a sample of heterosexual dating couples between the ages of 18 and 25 (115 dyads at Time 1 [T1] and 57 dyads at T2, 74% White). The authors assessed romantic relationship functioning at T1 and T2 using observers’ ratings of emotional tone during a laboratory conflict resolution task and via participants’ self-reports about their relationships, yielding evidence that adult attachment security prospectively predicted the observed and perceived quality of adults’ romantic relationships even after prior levels of interpersonal functioning were controlled. Measures of autonomic responding were also acquired during the interactions, replicating prior evidence that insecurity is concurrently associated with electrodermal reactivity in attachment-relevant contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

梅县民间建筑匠师访谈综述

通过对广东梅县客家建筑的民间匠师访谈,初步整理出对基地、房屋类型、材料、尺度的传统经验、技术和知识,为进一步结合实例的分析研究提供基础。文章还提供了客家围龙屋的放线方法以及当代传统营造过程的工种和组织状况等一手数据。     

Growth of cubic boron nitride films by ibad and triode sputtering: development of intrinsic stress

Two methods are employed to evidenced the stress behavior in c-BN films. On the one hand, in depth stress profile of c-BN film, deposited by ion beam assisted evaporation, was performed by recording infrared spectra and substrate curvature after reactive ion etching (RIE) steps. It shows a peak of stress up to −17 GPa in the h-BN basal layer and a stress relaxation when the cubic phase appears. On the other hand, dynamic stress profiles of c-BN films deposited by a triode sputtering system, are obtained by recording infrared spectra and substrate curvature after various c-BN deposition times, with the same experimental conditions. Likewise, a peak of stress of −12 GPa is unmistakably observed in the h-BN basal layer followed by a stress release during c-BN nucleation, where an average value of −12 GPa is observed in the c-BN film volume. These results provide a support for the stress model proposed by McKenzie even if along with a minimum stress a high level of densification of the layer is needed.     

Older people and mobile phones: A multi-method investigation

This paper investigates issues related to the use of mobile phones by people aged 60 years and over and characteristics of an ageing-friendly mobile phone. This study combines qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of Delphi interviews, focus group discussions, and online survey. The expert interviews and the focus group discussions covered usage patterns, problems, benefits, and desired and unwanted features. The issues raised in the discussions were translated into an online survey of 100 people. This study revealed that older people are passive users of mobile phones, that they experience fear of consequences of using unfamiliar technology, and that most preferred design features are aids for declining functional abilities. Gender differences in preferred design features were observed, with women focusing on haptic aids and men on perceptual aids.     

Comparison of parents with and without disabilities raising teens: Information from the nhis and two national surveys.

Objectives: To contrast families headed by parents with disabilities raising children ages 11-17 years with families headed by parents without disabilities. Study Design: There were 3 sources of data: (a) the National Health Institute Survey (National Center for Health Statistics, 2000), (b) a previous national survey (L. T. T. Barker & V. Maralani, 1997), (c) a new national survey of parents with disabilities (n = 273) and their teens (ages 11-17 years; n = 246) and a control group of parents without disabilities (n = 48) and their teens (n = 37). Main Measure: Participants completed a survey designed for this study. Results: Parents with disabilities were generally quite similar to parents without disabilities, with some notable differences, particularly in employment and income. Deaf parents exhibited certain differences from parents with other disabilities. Conclusion: Survey responses provided a snapshot of parents with disabilities and their families from community samples, including aspects in which disabled and nondisabled participants were similar. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)